Transportation Engineering

c. Draw a typical cross section of a permanent way. Discuss in brief'the basic functions of various components of railway track. 

c.A valley curve is formed by a descending grade of 1 in 25 meeting an ascending grade of I in 30. Design the length of valley curve to fulfill both comfort condition and head light sight distance requirements for a design speed of 80 kmph. Assume allowable rate of change of centrifugal acceleration C =0.6 m/sec. 

c. Explain the objectives of,

(I) CRRI

c. Explain the objectives of,

(i) IRC

c. Explain the objectives of,

(ii) HRB

c. Explain the objectives of,

(iv) CRF

a.Explain

(i) Saturation system c.

a.Explain

(ii) Road patterns

b. 3 new roads P. O. R are to be completed in a district during a five year plan period. Using the data given below work out the order of priority for phasing the plan program by the principle of maximum utility per unit length. Adopt utility unit of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 for population ranges & 1.0 for 1000t of agricultural products or 100t of industrial products respectively. 

a. Explain the various elements of road margin.

c. What is the necessity of realignment? List the steps in the realignment.

b.The design speed of a road is 65 kmph, the coefficient of friction is 0.36 and reaction time of driver is 2.5 sec. Calculate the values of, (i) HSD, (ii) ISD required for the road. 

c. Calculate the super elevation to be provided for a horizontal curve with a radius of 400 m for a design speed of 100 kmph in plain terrain comment on the results. What is the coefficient of lateral friction mobilized if super elevation is restricted to 0.07? 

a. Explain the necessity of providing transition curve and also define transition curve.

b. The speeds of overtaking and overtaken vehicles on a 2 way traffic road are 90 kmph and 60 kmph respectively. The acceleration of overtaking vehicle is 0.95 m/sec².

(i) Calculate safe overtaking sight distance.

(ii) Mention the minimum length of overtaking zone

(iii) Draw a neat sketch of the overtaking zone. Show the position of sign posts. 

a. Explain the role of transportation in the development of the country.

a. List and explain the desirable properties of subgrade soil.

b. List the desirable properties of bitumen and tests to be conducted to bitumen.

c. Explain with a neat sketch how the plate load test is conducted to determine the modulus of subgrade reaction of soil. 

a. Explain the significance of ESWL in pave design.

b. Design the flexible pavement for construction of new highway with the following data:Number of commercial vehicles as per last count-1000 CV.

Period of construction = 3 yrs.

Annual traffic growth rate=8%

Design CBR of subgrade soil = 10%

Category of road NH, 2 lane single carriage way.

Design life 15 yrs. 

c. Design the pavement slab thickness by IRC method using the following data:

Modulus of Subgrade reaction = 8 kg/cm³

Design wheel load (P) = 5100 kg

Present traffic intensity=1000 evd

Radius of contact area = 15 cm

Highway is South Tamil Nadu t=17.6 

a. Differentiate between seal coat and prime coat.

b. Explain the construction steps for cement Concrete pavement slab.

c. The maximum quantity of water expected in one of the open longitudinal drains on clayey soil is 0.9 m/sec. Design the cross section and longitudinal slope of trapezoidal drain assuming the bottom width of trapezoidal section to be 1.0 m and cross slope to be 1.0 vertical to 1.5 horizontal. The allowable velocity of flow in the drain is 1.2 m/sec and Manning's roughness coefficient is 0.02. 

a. Write a note on types of failures in flexible pavement.

b. Write a note on benefit cost ratio method BOOT concept.

c. Compare the annual costs of 2 types of pave structures,

(i) WBM with thin Bituminous surface at total cost of 2.2 lakhs per km, life of 5 years, interest at 10%, salvage value of 0.9 lakhs after 5 years, annual average maintenance cost of 0.35 lakhs per km and

(ii) Bituminous Macadam base and bituminous concrete surface total cost of 4.2 lakhs, life of 15 years, interest at 8%, Salvage value of 2.0 lakhs at the end of 15 years, annual average maintenance cost of 0.25 lakhs per km.

a. Explain the factors which influence selection of sites for an airport.

b. Draw a neat sketch showing the details of double line B.G. track with electrical traction.

a. What are the requirements of the good ballast? Mention the different types of ballast used in permanent way.

b. For rail of 11.89 m length, calculate the quantity of material per km length of track. Assume sleeper density to be equal to [1.093n+ 4].

c. A locomotive on MG track has three pair of driving wheels each carrying 20 tones. What maximum load can it pull on level track with curvature of 2^oat 50 kmph?

a. Explain the following:

(i) kuling gradient;

a. Explain the following:

(i) Momentum gradient;

a. Explain the following:

(iii) Grade compensation on curve.

b. What is super elevation? List objects of providing super elevation on curves.

c. What would be the equilibrium cant on a M.G. curve of 5º for an average speed of 60 kmph? Also find the maximum permissible speed after allowing the maximum cant deficiency. 

a. Draw a neat, line diagram of a right hand turn out and show its various components.

b. With a neat sketch, explain the working of a semaphore signal.

c. Write short note on:

   (i) Turn table,

c. Write short note on:

    (ii) Water column.

b. What are the significant recommendations of Jayakar committee? How are they implemented? 

b. Draw a neat sketch cross section of runway.

c. Mention the various assumptions made in the basic length of runway.

a. Explain the various factors which affect the locations of exist taxiway.

b. Design an exist taxiway joining a runway and a parallel main taxiway. The total angle of turn is 30° and the turn off speed is 80 kmph. Draw a neat sketch and show there in all design elements. [Assume R₁ = 73.1 m for 80 kmph, speed]

a. Explain various shape of tunnels with neat sketch.

b. Explain with neat sketch the operations involved in needle beam method of constructing a tunnel.

c. Write short note on:

   (i) Tunnel lining;

c. Write short note on:

 (ii) Tunnel drainage.

a. What are factors to be considered while selecting a site for a harbour?

b. What is dry dock? Explain the construction and use of dry dock.

c. What is break water? Explain with a neat sketch wall breakwater.

a. What are the political, social and economical advantages of railways?