Software Engineering

(b) Which one is the most appropriate size estimation technique and why?

What is software crisis? Was Y2K a software crisis.

Suppose that a project was estimated to be 600 KLOC. Calculate the effort, development time, average staff size and productivity for each of the three modes i.e. organic, semidetached and embedded.

Suppose that a project was estimated to be 600 KLOC. Calculate the effort, development time, average staff size and productivity for each of the three modes i.e. organic, semidetached and embedded.

(1) Differentiate between Software Reverse Engineering and Software Re- Engineering

What are the attributes of good software? Explain the key challenges facing in software engineering.

What are emergent system properties? Give the example for each.

Describe the general model of design process.

What are critical systems, with its types? Explain.

With the neat diagram, explain water fall model.

Explain the requirement engineering process with its four phases.

Define and differentiate functional and non functional requirements.

Write IEEE standard format for requirement documentation.

What is requirement Elicitation and analysis?

Write short note on Ethnography.

Explain data flow model with an example of insulin pump.

Define object model and explain object aggregation.

Explain different section of project plan and define milestones and deliverables.

Explain the architectural design decision.

Explain:

i) Repository model

Explain:

ii) Layered model

Explain object oriented design process with example of weather mapping system of the layered architecture.

What are agile methods? Discuss the principles of agile method.

Explain the Lehman's laws.

Explain the steps involved in reengineering process with a neat diagram.

Define validation and verification and explain two complementary approaches to system chocking and analysis.

Explain clean room software development process with neat diagram.

Explain interface testing with neat diagram.

Explain the factors governing staff selection.

Write short notes on group communication.

Explain briefly the algorithmic cost modeling and write the difficulties.

a) The SRS specifies 'what' and 'why' aspect of requirements? (T/F) 

b) Incremental SDLC Model is not suitable for a software project of short duration. (T/F)

c) Detailed COCOMO is used to estimate effort & development time based on project size. (T/F)

d) High cohesion and less coupling are the two desirable properties of a good software design. (T/F)

e) SEI-CMM is better than ISO 9126 quality model. (T/F)

f) ER diagram is used to model the behavior of a software system to be built. (T/F)

g) Alpha testing of a software product involves developers and users.

h) Most of the software maintenance effort is towards corrective maintenance. (T/F)

i) The two testing methods, white box and black box, may be used together to test a program module. (T/F)

j) QFD is better than FAST for software requirements elicitation (T/F)

a) Draw ER diagram, DFD level-1 diagram for automation of job placement agency and also write down the typical requirements which you consider for a typical job placement agency. 

b) What are the parameters for selecting a suitable software process model for a given project? Compare spiral model with other prominent software process models.

a) What are the various categories of software metrics? Discuss with the help of suitable examples.

a) Discuss different types of cohesion and coupling. 

b) Explain Intermediate COCOMO with suitable example. 

a) What are various techniques for software project scheduling? Discuss atleast two prominent techniques with suitable illustrations. 

b) Software development requires 100 PY during total development sub-cycle. The development time is planned for duration of 3 years and 6 months. Calculate the manpower cost expended until development time and also calculate the difficulty and manpower build-up. 

a) Differentiate between the term product quality and the process quality with respect to software. Also discuss the key process areas at the various levels of SEI-CMM. 

b) Compute the function point count for a payroll program that reads a file of employees and a file of information for the current month and prints cheque for all the employees. The program is capable of handling an interactive command to print an individually requested cheque immediately.

a) Compare ISO 9126 with McCall software quality model and highlight few advantages of ISO 9126. 

b) Assume that initial failure intensity is 10 failures /CPU hr. The failure intensity decay parameter is 0.03/failure. We have experienced 75 failures upto this time. Find the failures experienced and failure intensity after 25 and 50 CPU hrs. of execution.

a) Discus various models of software maintenance and explain the role of regression testing during maintenance. 

b) Develop a set of test cases for a program to be developed in 'C' language for sorting an array of integers in order to perform a black box testing. 

a) How functional testing is different from structural testing? Discuss suitable approach for structural testing with illustration.

b) What is cyclomatic complexity? Use a programming language of your choice to write a program to find the common divisor of an array of N positive integers and also compute the cyclomatic complexity of the developed program.

Discuss the following term:

i) Software configuration management

Discuss the following term:

ii) Software risk management

(a) What is the aim of software engineering?

(b) Provide three examples of software projects that would be amenable to the prototyping model.

(c) Describe feasibility study'.

(d) What is estimation?

(e) What is the difference between Deliverable and 'Milestone?

(f) What is cyclomatic complexity?

(g) What is the difference between flow chart and structure chart?

(h) Define Data structure metrics.

(i) Differentiate between Alpha and Beta testing.

(j) What is the need for Re-engineering?

a) What is software life cycle? Discuss generic waterfall model.

 (b) Compare iterative enhancement model and evolutionary enhancement model

(a) Draw two level DFD for library management system.

(b) Draw E-R diagram library management system. 

(a) Describe the role of management in software development with the help or examples.

(b) Difference between product, process and project.

(c) What are various factors of management dependency in software development? Discuss each factor in detail. 

(a) Is it possible to estimate software size before coding? If so, how?

(b) What are size metrics? How is function point metric advantageous over LOC metric? Explain. 

(c) What is risk? What are the risk management activities? Is it possible to prioritize the risk? 

(a) What are different types of coupling? Give one example of each type. 

b) List out the components of 'software Design document.  

(c) Discuss different types of object oriented and function oriented design.

(a) How does software metric can improve the software process? Enumerate the effect of metric on software productivity. 

(c) Define and explain data structure metrics.

(a) Explain all the steps of cause effect graphing test case design technique with the help of diagram. 

(b) With the help of an example for each, explain following testing

(i) Condition testing

(ii) Loop testing

(a) What is debugging? Discuss various debugging techniques.

(b) Discuss various problems during maintenance. Describe some solution to these problems.

(c) Explain boehm's maintenance model with the help of a diagram.

Answer the following briefly.

(a) Why is SRS known as black box specification of a system?

(b) What is alpha and beta testing?

(c) What are the various estimation methods? How can they be categorized?

(d) What do you understand by Cyclomatic Complexity? How is it determined?

(e) Differentiate between test case and test suite.

(f) Categorize the requirement specification. Give example of 2 requirement of each category.

(g) Differentiate between Primary and Secondary actors with examples

(h) What is a software process? Why it is difficult to improve it?

(i) Differentiate between Deliverables and Milestones.

(j) Differentiate verification and validation. 

(a) Explain Spiral model of software development. What are its advantages and disadvantages? 

(b) What are various requirement elicitation techniques? Explain FAST in detail. 

(a) Explain RAD model of software development. For what type of application it is mostly used. 

(b) Draw a level '0', level 'l' and ER diagram for library management system.

(a) How do object oriented design and structured design differ

(b) Consider a project with the following units. 

     Number of user inputs= 60

     Number of user inputs= 40

     Number of user inputs= 35

     Number of user inputs= 08

     Number of user inputs= 05

Assume all complexity adjustment factors and weighting factors are average. Compute the function points for the project.

(a) Explain the Putnam resource allocation model. What are the limitations of this model? 

Suppose that a project was estimated to be 800 KLOC. Calculate the effort, development time and average staffing for each of three modes of COCOMO model.

Compare 1S09126 with CMM model and highlight few advantages of CMM

Describe the various strategies of design. Which design strategy is most practical and why? 

Explain McCall quality model.

(b) What are various debugging approaches? Discuss them with the help of an example.

(a) Differentiate between stubs and drivers. Where are they used? Differentiate between unit and integration testing. 

(b) Describe various categories of maintenance. Which category consumes maximum  effort and why? 

(i) Program volume

(ii) Effort and time

(iii) Language Level

(iv) Program level

(v) Program length 

Consider the function 'Next Date". Given a month, day, year,Next Date returns the date of the day after. The month, date and year have integer values subject to these conditions.

Develop the robust value and equivalence class test cases.

Discuss evolutionary and spiral software development life cycle models explicitly highlighting their merits and demerits. 

Explain requirements elicitation techniques FAST and QFD in detail. 

What are ER diagrams used for? Explain various concepts and steps used in the creation of an ER diagram for an information system. 

Draw level 'o', level 'l' and level '2' data flow diagrams for the Library management Information System. 

What is a software module? What are the advantages of modular softwares? Discuss various types of cohesions that exist in software modules. 

(a) What is software measurement? Define the term 'software metric'. Highlight various parameters that need to be measured during the software development process.

(b) Explain Halstead Software Science Measures.

Take an example program in 'C' for printing out the greatest of the 3 integers that are input by the user. Show all its 'du' paths as well as those 'du' paths that are not 'dc' paths. (12.5) 

(a) What is software maintenance? Explain its various types.

b) Explain software configuration. What is its significance?

Answer the following:

(a) Explain software crisis.

Answer the following:

(b) What is a requirement? What is Requirement Engineering?

Answer the following:

(c) What is a context diagram?

Answer the following:

(d) Define risk.

(e) Why are metrics required in software engineering?

(f) Explain why are the scaling factors used in the early Design Model of COCOMO?

(g) Discuss the role of coupling in modules.

(h) What is the meaning of debugging?

(i) Differentiate between Alpha and beta testing.

(j) What is software maintenance?

(a) What are the characteristics to be considered for the selection of the life cycle model? 

(b) Mention at least two reasons as to why classical waterfall model can be considered impractical and cannot be used in real projects.

(c) What are the objectives of Requirements Analysis? Different types of requirements.

(c) How do you define Reliability? Discuss various models for reliability allocation. 

(a) Define the term coupling and cohesion? Explain various types of coupling and cohesion? How are there concepts useful in arriving at a good design of a system? 

(b) Explain with examples, top down and bottom-up approach in software design. 

(a) What is software maintenability ? How do you measure maintainability.

(b) What is Boehm's cost estimation model for software maintenance. Explain.

(c) Give the difference between Re-engineering and Reverse engineering.

(a) Draw 0, 1 and 2 level DFD for university examination management system.

(b) Explain the Walston and Felix model.

(c) Explain the prototyping model. What is the effect of designing a prototype on the overall cost of the project? 

Short answer type-

(a) Give the features of software characteristics. Draw the plot to indicate failure rate and time.

Short answer type-

(b) Distinguish between failure and faults.

Short answer type-

(c) Compare functional and behavioural analysis models.

Short answer type-

(d) Write short note on Spiral Model. Also discuss its merits and demerits.

Short answer type-

(e) What are the responsibilities and challenges of software engineers?

Write short note on:

(a) QFD and FAST techniques 

Write short note on:

(b) Bath tub curve of hardware reliability

Write short note on:

(c) Various Risk Management Activities

Write short note on:

(d) Data Dictionary

Write short note on:

(e) Code inspection and code walk-through

Write short note on:

(f) Equivalence Class Testing and Integration Testing

(a) What are the different components of SRS document?

(b) What are the benefits of ERD?

(a) Write a note on Software Quality Assurance (SQA)?

(b) Compare ISO and SEI-CMM models. 

Distinguish between generic and customized software product. Which one has larger share of market and why?

What are the characteristics of a good SRS?

Describe any two software size estimation techniques.

Define module cohesion and list down various types of cohesion.

What are the various categories of software metric?

 What are the crucial process steps of requirement engineering? Discuss with the help of a suitable diagram.

What are the different levels of testing?

What are the various categories of software maintenance?

What do you mean by Regression testing?

Explain the spiral model of software development with the help of a diagram. What are the limitations of such a model?

Consider the problem of University Result Management System and design the following: (i) Use Case Diagram

(ii) Level-1 DFD

(iii) ER Diagram 

List out the merits and demerits of various SDLS models.

What are the risk management activities? Is it possible to prioritize the risk? 

Compare the Walston-Felix model with the SEL model on a software development expected to involve 8 person-years of effort.

(i) Calculate the number of lines of source code that can be produced.

(ii) Calculate the duration of the development.

(iii) Calculate the productivity in LOC/PY.

(iv) Calculate average manning. 

Describe the role of management in software development with the help of examples.

For a program with the number of unique operators n1 = 40 and number of unique operands n2 = 60, compare the followings: 

(i) Program Volume

(ii) Potential Volume

(iii) Program level

(iv) Program Difficulty

(v) Effort

(vi) Time 

Write a short note on the following terms:

(i) Liver variables

(ii) Module weakness

Describe the following terms:

(i) Objects

(ii) Messages

(iii) Abstraction

(iv) Class

(v) Inheritance

(vi) Polymorphism 

Discuss the structural testing. How is it different from funcțional testing?

Write a short note on the maintenance process with a suitable diagram. 

Briefly discuss the following:

(i) Test case design and test suite

(ii) Verification and Validation

(iii) Alpha, Beta and Acceptance testing

Write short note on the following:

(i) Re-engineering

(ii) Reverse Engineering 

01 Answer all of the following question:

(a) What is debugging and why is it so hard?

(b) Define Data Structure Metrics.

(C) Differentiate between structural and functional testing.

(d) Discuss Feasibility Study and its significance.

(e) What are requirement elicitation techniques? Discuss any one technique in brief.

(g) What is context diagram? How is it different from Level 1 DFD?

(h) Discuss cyclomatic complexity and its significance

(i) Discuss various factors of software management dependency

 Discuss various size estimation metrics and their significance.

 (a) Discuss the organization of good SRS along with its characteristics. 

(b) Discuss Prototype Model in detail. What are its various issues How is it different from Evolutionary Model. 

 (a) What is the Software Development Life cycle? List various SDLC models.

 (b) Draw and label and well described Use Case diagram and level 1 DFD for hotel management system. Make assumptions as required. 

04 (a) Discuss COCOMO Model in detail.

(b) An application has the 10 low external inputs, 12 high external outputs, 20 low internal logical files, 15 high external interface files, 12 averages external inquires, and a value of complexity adjustment factor of 1.10. What are the unadjusted and adjusted function point counts? (4)

Q5  (a) Using the Watson-Felix model on a software development expected to involve 8 person-years of effort.

(i) Calculate the number of lines of source code that can be produced.

(ii) Calculate the duration of the development.

(iii) Calculate the productivity in LOC/PY 

iv) Calculate the average manning

(b) What is Risk? What are various Risk Management Activities?

 (a) Describe the key features of Object Oriented based software.

(b) Write a program to find the maximum of three numbers.Find Halstead token count metrics for this program.

(b) Module Cohesion and its types.

(c) Object Oriented Designing

Q8 (a) Write short notes on following any two:-

1. DD-Path Testing

2. Boundary Value Analysis

3. Cause Effect Graph Testing

(b) Generate all the independent paths required for testing program that finds all even numbers between 1-50.

09 (a) What is software maintenance? Discuss various categories and issue during maintenance. 

(b) Explain Taute's maintenance model with the help of a diagram. 

(c) Discuss Configuration Management in software development.