Rural Water Supply and Sanitation

a. Explain :

i) Concept of Eco-sanitation. 

b. Explain the various factors that govern the selection of a particular source of water in formulating a town or city water supply scheme.

c. Explain water bome diseases. What are the precautionary measures to be taken for control of the communicable diseases?

a. What are the advantages and disadvantages of centrifugal pumps and reciprocating pumps?

  b. Explain the following:

ii) Break point chlorination

Explain the following:

i) Plain chlorination  

Explain the following:

iii) Super chlorination

c. Distinguish between fluoridation and defluoridation. Explain any one method of defluoridation in detail. 

a. Briefly explain the following methods of Might soil disposal with neat sketches :

    i) Aqua privy          ii) Two-pit latrine. 

b. Explain the Septic Tank with neat sketch. Also Highlight advantages and disadvantages.

c. With neat sketch, explain soak pit.

a. Discuss the need for protected water supply.

a. Explain :

ii) Sources of ground water pollution

b. What is Rain water harvesting? Explain suitable methods of rain water harvesting in rural areas. 

a. Define the following as referred to communicable diseases:   i) Epidemic    ii) Endemic iii) Vehicle of Infection     iv) Vaccination      v) Isolation

b. Discuss the general methods of communication of communicable diseases.

a. Describe the following methods of disposal with advantages and disadvantages  :               i) Dumping        ii) Incineration       iii) Salvaging. 

 b. Explain with a neat sketch Bio plant in detail. 

a. Explain all the essentials necessary to obtain the objectives of milk sanitation,

b. Define Pasteurization. Explain any one method of pasteurization, with a sketch.

a. Discuss the different diseases transmitted by the mosquito.

b. Briefly explain control of nuisance mosquitoes.

What are the types of collection and transportation systems adopted for refuse? Explain.

How do you protect new wells from contamination? Give step by step procedure.

Write down the drinking water quality standards for the following:(
i) pH       ii) Chlorides     ii) Nitrates        iv) Fluoride and       v) Total Hardness.

Comparison between Reciprocating pumps and Centrifugal pumps.

Explain any five disinfecting methods for water.

What are the main objectives of Rural sanitation in villages? Brief out.

With the aid of neat sketches, describe the following types of latrines
i) Pit Privy and      ii) Aqua Privy,

Elaborate the composting methods practiced in rural areas on the mixture of night soil and refuse.

How does one can practice Roof-top rain water harvesting? Explain.

Define i) Infection     ii) Epidemic.

Explain the Epidemiologic cycle.

List out the various sources of water that is available on the earth and explain.

Brief out the methods of disposal of refuse in rural areas.

With the aid of neat sketch, write a note on Bio-gas plant.

Write down and explain the essentials of a milk sanitation.

Mention the types of pasteurizing the milk and describe them.

Write short notes on Mosquito related diseases.

Write short notes on Deflouridation Technique.

Write short notes on Break point chlorination.

Write short notes on Trench composting.

Write short notes on Advantages and disadvantages of separate system and water carriage system.