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A salient pole generator without damper is rated at 20 MVA, 13.8 KV andhas a direct axis mb transient reactance of 0.25 pu. The negative and
zero sequence reſtance are respectively 0.35 pu and 0.10 Pu. The
neutral of the gerrator is solidly grounded. Determine the sub transient
current in the generator and line-to-line voltages for sub transient
conditions when single line to ground fault occur at the generator
terminals with generator operating unloaded at rated voltage. Neglect
resistance.
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The rated secondary current of a CT is 5 A. The plug setting of a relay is 3.75 A. The power consumption of the relay at this plug setting is 4
VA. Calculate the effective VA burden on the CT.
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(a) What is the difference between fuse and relay?
(b) What is the purpose of line trap and coupling capacitors in cart
channels?
(c) Why alternator windings are not protected 100%.
(d) Define the terms: reach, under-reach, over-reach, pick up va
and pilot wire.
(e) What do you understand by TMS and PSM in over current relays. (f) What are various desirable characteristics of fuse element? (g) The present trend is to use Silver despite its high cost. What are
the reasons behind it?
(h)What are the harmful effects of lightning?
(i) Explain wave shape of voltage due to lightning? (j) What are internal and external causes of over voltages?
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What are the advantages of p.u.system?
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Explain the effects of short circuit in a power system.
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Why is 3-phase symmetrical fault more severe than a 3-phase unsymmetrical fault?
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Explain breaking capacity of a circuit breaker.
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What is the difference between a fuse and relay?
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Explain the termPlug setting multiplier and time setting multiplier relay.
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Explain earth fault protection for alternator.
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What are advantages of shunt compensation in a transmission line?
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What is the basic principle of operation of surge divertor?
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What are advantages of FACTS devices used in power system.
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Why do we use reactors in the power system? Discuss their advantages.
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The plant capacity of a 3-phase generating station consists of 10000 KVA generators of reactance 12% each and one 5,000 KVA generate of
reactance 18%. The generators are connected to the station bus bars from
which load is taken through three 5000kVA step up transformers each
having a reactance of 5%. Determine the maximum fault MVA which the
circuit breakers have to deal on (i) low voltage side (ii) high voltage side.
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A 15MVA, 11kV, 3-phase synchronous generator with a solidly grounded neutral has a subtransient reactance of 25%. The negative and zero sequence
reactances are 35% and 10% respectively. Determine the subtransient currents
and line to line voltage at the fault under subtransient condition when a double
line to ground fault occurs at the generator terminals. Assume that generator is
operating on no load and at rated voltage.
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Explain the construction and principle of operation of a Reactance relay.
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Describe the construction, principle of operation and Application of fuse.
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Explain various rating of circuit breaker.
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Describe the construction, principle of operation and applications of SF6 oncircuit breaker.
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Describe the construction, principle of operation and applications of
Buchholz relay.
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Describe the rotor protection against earth fault.
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Describe the construction and working of valve type arrestor.
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Explain carrier current protection.
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Explain the advantages of series compensation in a power system.
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PILLOExplain the need of reactive power management in a power system.
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Explain the various types of shunt FACTS controllers.. Discuss them applications and limitations.
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Explain the difference between a CT used for instrumentation and CT used for protection.
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What is switching resistance?
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Differentiate between surge diverter and surge absorber.
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Why neutral of the transformer in a distribution substation must be earthed?
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Define PSM and TMS in IDMT relay.
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Explain recovery rate theory in circuit breakers.
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What are the protective devices employed for the protection of analternat or against i) vibration, (ii) overspeed. (iii) motoring?
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Draw impedance relay characteristic.
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How does grounding affects relay applications?
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Explain various types of Phase comparators.
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Explain induction disc relay with the help of neat diagram and derive expression for produced force.
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Classify and explain various types of current transformers.
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Discuss how an amplitude comparator can be converted to a phase comparator and vice versa.
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A 11 kV, 100 MVA generator is provided with differential scheme of protection. The percentage of the generator winding to be protected against phase to ground is 82%. The relay is set to operate when there is 14% out of balance current. Determine the value of the resistance to be placed in the natural to ground connection.
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Draw the schematic and explain the protection of rotor against earth fault.
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What is Buchhloz relay? Which equipment is protected by it? For what types of faults is it employed? Discuss its working principle.
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A three-phase, 132kV/33 kV star-delta connected power transformer is protected by differential protection scheme. Determine the ratio of
the CTs on the HV side of the transformer, if that on the LV side is
300/5. How are the CT secondaries connected?
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Discuss the type of protection required for stator Inter-turn faults.
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Mention the condition which results in high severe overheating of the rotor. Explain protection of rotor against such overheating.
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What is carrier current protection? For what voltage range is it used for the protection of transmission lines? What are its merits and
demerits? With neat sketch, discuss the phase comparison scheme of
carrier current protection?
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What are the causes of overvoltages arising on a power system? Why is it necessary to protect the lines and other equipment of the power system against overvoltage?
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Describe with neat sketches the working of the cross.jet explosion pot of an oil circuit breaker. Compare its merits and demerits with other types of arc control devices comparison scheme of carrier current protection?
100
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A circuit breaker interrupts the magnetizing current of a 100 MVA transformer at 220 kV. The magnetizing current of the transformer is 4% of the full load current. Determine the maximum voltage which may appear across the gap of the breaker when the magnetizing current is interrupted at 53% of its peak value. The stray capacitance is 2500 F. The inductance is 30H.
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Explain the terms: restriking voltage, recovery voltage and RRRV.Derive expression for restriking voltage and RRRV in terms of system voltage, inductance and capacitance. What measures are taken to reduce them.
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Classify and explain the various types of Fuses.
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Discuss how an electromechanically.Explain its characteristics on the R-X diagram.
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Discuss how a static MHO relay is .Explain its characteristics on the R-X diagram.
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Write short notes on the Expulsion type lightening arrester.
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Write short notes on the Rod Gap.
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Write short notes on the Ferranti surge absorber.
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For what type of protective relay will you recommend (i) an inductiondisc type (ii) induction cup type construction? What measures are taken to minimize the overrun of the disc?
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Prove that the per unit value of the 3 phase KVA on the 3 phase KVA base is identical to the per unit value of the KVA per phase on the
KVA per phase base.
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What are the requirements of the cables?
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Why we neglect the load during the fault? Explain.
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What are the factors that minimize the corona effect?
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How does the skin effect vary with conductor materials?
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What are the merits and demerits of per-unit system?
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Discuss the various types of buses used in load flow studies?
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What are methods of improving string efficiency? Explain.
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What is CORONA? How it affects transmission lines? What are the factors affecting CORONA? What are the practical methods to reduce
CORONA?
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Derive an expression for the fault current for a single line to ground fault.
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What is the effect of load power factor on regulation and efficiency in a transmission line?
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Write short notes on Dielectric Loss.
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Write short notes on Ferranti effect.
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In a 33 kV overhead line, there are three units in the string of insulators. If the capacitance between each insulator pin and earth is
11% of self capacitance of each insulator, find the distribution of
voltages over 3 insulators.
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In a 33 kV overhead line, there are three units in the string of insulators. If the capacitance between each insulator pin and earth is
11% of self capacitance of each insulator, find string efficiency.
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a) Prove that one is same for 3 phase and single phase calculations.
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b) Express the unsymmetrical phase components in terms of symmetrical components.
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d) Derive the characteristics of mho relay using equations.
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e) What is the difference between surge diverters and surge absorbers?
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f) What is the need of compensation in Power system?
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g) What are the different types of circuit breakers? Give their application features and compare them.
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a) Prove that for double line to ground fault (LLG) all the phase sequence circuit
are connected in parallel. Determine the fault current for LLG fault.
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a) Show that symmetrical component transformation is power invariant.
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b)
Draw zero sequence circuit for star-star, grounded star delta, grounded
star-grounded star transformer connections.
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a) Explain the operating principle of a protective relay with its diagram.
What is the function of plunger used inside it?
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b) A relay is connected using 400/5 CT. The relay setting is 150%. If the fault current is 4800A. Find its plug setting multiplier. Draw the
characteristics of IDMT relay.
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a) What are the different method of arc interruption in CB.
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b) Derive the equation of transient recovery voltage. What is the max RRRV (Rate of Rise of Recovery Voltage).
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a) What do you mean by zonal protection? Draw the diagram of merz-price
protection of star-delta transformer.
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b) What are the different types of faults that can occur in a generator and what type of protection scheme is used for them?
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a) What is the use of ground wire in transmission line? What are the different types of grounding used?
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b) Explain the carrier current protection in brief.
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a) What are the different types of FACTS devices? Explain how TCR is
connected to the line.
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b) A shunt reactor compensation is connected to the line. Explain whether
its transient stability improve or become worse.
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a) Explain how the transient stability can be improved using FACTS devices.
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b)
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of series compensation.
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c) What are the uses of following compensation:
i) Shunt reactor
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c) What are the uses of following compensation:
ii) Shunt capacitor
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c) What are the uses of following compensation:
iii) Series capacitor
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c) What are the uses of following compensation:
iv) Series reactor
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(a) Explain capacitance grading for improving voltage distribution across units of string insulator.
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(b) Define Corona Loss.
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(c) What is the significance of using a (Alpha) operator in studying component synthesis?
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(d) Define per unit system and why it is used?
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(e) Explain different type of buses used in load flow analysis
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(a) Draw and explain each component in single line diagram of power system.
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(b) A transmission line has a span of 275 mtrs between level supports.The conductor has a diameter of 19.53 mm, weighs of 0.844 kgf/m
and has an ultimate breaking strength of 7950 kgf. Each conductor
has a radial covering of ice 9.53 mm thick and is subjected to a
horizontal wind pressure of 40 kgf/m2 of the ice covered projected
area. If the factor of safety is 2, calculate the deflected sag and the
vertical component of the sag. One cubic meter of ice weighs 913.5kgf.
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(a) In a six-unit suspensions insulator string, the capacitance between each link pin and earth is 0.1 of the self capacitance of each unit.
Determine the voltage across the lowest unit as percentage of the total
voltage and also the string efficiency.
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(b) Name methods of equalizing potential over string of insulator and explain method of static shielding.
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(a) Explain in brief electromagnetic effect considering interference between power and communication lines.
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(b) Derive a relation for average inductance per phase of unsymmetrical three phase line.
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(a) Explain analysis of Travelling wave with use of bewley diagram.
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(b) For nomial T model of a medium transmission line deduce A, B, C, D parameters also explain its phasor diagram.
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(a) Describe capacitance grading in cables to equalize the stress in the dielectric of cable.
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(b What do you understand by insulation resistance?
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(a) With a help of diagram and waveforms explain effect of sudden short circuit at the armature terminals of a three phase generator.
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(b) Explain generator reactors and feeder reactors.
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(a) Describe Guass-Sidedel method using Y-bus for power flow analysis.
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(b) Derive static load flow equations (SLFE).
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(a) Draw flow chart for load flow solution using Newton-Raphson method in polar coordinates.
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(b) Explain Fast Decoupled Load Flow (FDLF) method for analysis of load flow.
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Define construction and working of capacitance voltage transformer. What are the functions of CT and PT in power system protection.
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Describe construction and working of numerical relay via a block diagram. Also enlist its advantages.
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Explain loss of excitation and prime mover failure in alternator.
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Explain the construction, working and application of Buchholz relay.
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Explain carrier current protection in transmission line.
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Discuss the construction, working and application of SF6 circuit breaker with a diagram.
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Discuss construction, working, advantages and disadvantages of vacuum circuit breaker with a diagram
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Discuss principle of are extinction in oil circuit breaker (OCB). What are advantages and disadvantages of OCB? Discuss its types, Explain
plain break OCB.
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Discuss protection of electrical equipment from travelling waves. What are characteristics of an ideal surge diverter? Discuss working of Rod
cap surge diverter. What is its main disadvantage?
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Define a surge diverter. What are its types? Explain any one in detail.
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Deline a surge absorber? Explain its various configuration including Ferranti surge absorber.
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What are various types of distance relays? Explain any one.
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A 3-phase transformer of 220/11,000 line volts is connected in-star/delta. The protective transformers i.e. CTs on 220 V side have a
current ratio of 600/5. What should be the CT ratio on 11,000 V side.
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Explain rotor earth fault protection-unbalanced loading in alternator
and protection
against unbalanced loading in alternator.
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An IDMT type over current relay is used to protect a feeder through 400/1 Ampere CT. The relay has a PS of 100% and TMS of 0.3. Find
the actual time of operation of the relay if a fault current of 4000
Ampere flows through the feeder. The relay characteristics curve is
given as follows:
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Explain amplitude and phase comparators.
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